Artificial Musk

Dermal absorption and disposition of musk ambrette, musk ketone and musk xylene in human subjects.

Musk ambrette, musk ketone and musk xylene have a long history of use as fragrance ingredients, although musk ambrette is no longer used in fragrances. As part of the review of the safety of these uses, it is important to consider the systemic exposure that results from these uses. Since the primary route of exposure to fragrances is on the skin, dermal doses of carbon-14 labelled musk ambrette...

The Elusive Musk Ducks

Determination of musk ambrette, musk xylol, and musk ketone in fragrance products by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection.

A gas chromatographic method using a capillary column with electron capture detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of 3 nitromusk fragrance ingredients: musk ambrette (MA), musk xylol (MX), and musk ketone (MK), in fragrance products. The accuracy of the method was determined by recovery of each nitromusk from fortified fragrance products at 3 different concentrations. Recov...

The toxicology of musk fragrances

Synthetic musk fragrances are widely used as replacements for natural musks not only in perfumes but also in soaps, toiletries and disinfectants. The worldwide annual production of musk fragrances ranges between 6000 and 8000 metric tons per year, of which nitroand polycyclic musks represent 30 and 70%, respectively. As a result of their inherently low biodegradability, nitroand polycyclic musk...

Synthetic Musk Compounds: Luckenbach Responds

Symptoms We read with interest the recent study titled “Neurologic Symptoms in Licensed Private Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study” (Kamel et al. 2005). Although this was a hypothesis-generating study, the authors speculated regarding moderate exposure and associations with neurologic symptoms. Substantiation of hypotheses requires meaningful metrics of exposure and effect, ...